Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Research on the Impact of Empathetic Leadership of Nursing Managers on Alleviating Nurse Burnout

Received: 25 March 2026     Accepted: 20 September 2026     Published: 22 September 2026
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Abstract

Objective: To explore the relationship between the level of empathetic leadership of nursing managers and the job burnout of clinical nurses, and to analyze the mechanism of empathetic leadership in alleviating nurse burnout, providing theoretical basis and intervention strategies for nursing human resource management. Methods: By combining literature review and theoretical analysis, the connotation of empathetic leadership and its application in nursing management were expounded. Results: The empathetic leadership of nursing managers can significantly reduce the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization tendency of nurses and enhance their sense of personal accomplishment. The mechanism of action mainly includes the regulation of psychological empowerment, emotional contagion and perceived organizational support. Conclusion: Enhancing the empathetic leadership of nursing managers is an effective way to alleviate nurse burnout, stabilize the nursing team and ensure the quality of nursing.

Published in Science Discovery (Volume 14, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.sd.20261405.11
Page(s) 307-310
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Empathic Leadership, Mitigation, Nurse Burnout

1.引言
1.1.研究背景
护士执业倦怠现状:护理工作具有高负荷、高风险、高情感投入的特点。长期处于压力下,护士易出现情感耗竭、去人格化和个人成就感降低,即“执业倦怠”。这不仅损害护士身心健康,还导致离职率上升、医疗差错增加。
护理管理模式的转变:传统的“控制型”管理模式已无法适应现代护理管理需求。新生代护士更渴望被尊重、被理解。管理者作为护士最直接的支持者,其领导风格对护士心理状态起决定性作用
共情领导力的提出:共情领导力强调管理者换位思考、感知并理解下属情绪,并给予恰当回应。这被视为缓解职业压力、构建和谐护际关系的关键因素。
1.2.研究意义
理论意义:丰富护理管理学中关于“柔性领导力”的研究,明确共情领导力与执业倦怠的具体关联路径。
实践意义:为护理管理者提供具体的管理工具和策略,帮助降低护士离职意愿,提升护理团队凝聚力。
2.核心概念界定
2.1.共情领导力
共情领导力是指管理者准确识别、理解员工的情绪状态和需求,并通过换位思考与关怀行为,给予员工情感支持和实质性帮助的能力
三个维度:
认知共情:理解护士的想法和观点(“我知道你在担心什么”)。
情感共情:体验和分享护士的感受(“我能感受到你的委屈”)。
行为共情:基于理解采取的支持性行动(“我们一起解决这个问题”)。
2.2.护士执业倦怠
根据Maslach倦怠量表(MBI)定义,包含三个维度:情感耗竭即感觉精力被掏空,工作热情丧失;去人格化即对待服务对象(患者)冷漠、疏离;个人成就感降低即对自我工作价值评价降低
3.护理管理者共情领导力对缓解倦怠的作用机制
这是研究的核心部分,探讨“为什么”共情能缓解倦怠。
3.1.情绪缓冲机制
护理工作常伴随负面情绪(患者投诉、生死离别)。具备共情力的管理者充当了“情绪容器”而不是“灭火器”,通过倾听和接纳,帮助护士宣泄负面情绪,阻断情绪压力的积累,从而降低情感耗竭。
3.2.资源增益机制
基于资源保存理论(COR理论),倦怠源于资源流失。共情型领导通过提供情感支持、业务指导和弹性排班等资源,弥补了护士在工作中消耗的心理资源。当护士感到被理解时,心理能量得到补充,个人成就感随之提升。
3.3.组织支持感的中介作用
管理者的共情行为向护士传递了“组织关心我”的信号(即感知组织支持)。这种归属感和安全感可以有效缓解工作压力带来的无助感,减少去人格化倾向。
3.4.心理授权与自我效能感
共情型领导倾向于通过沟通赋予护士更多自主权,鼓励护士参与决策。这种“被看见”和“被信任”的感觉增强了护士的心理授权水平,使其更积极地面对工作挑战。
4.现状分析与问题提出
4.1.护理管理者共情领导力现状
认知偏差:部分管理者将“共情”等同于“无原则的迁就”或“纯情感安慰”,忽视了行为支持的重要性
能力缺失:许多护士长是从业务骨干提拔,临床技能强但缺乏系统的管理心理学培训,不知如何进行共情沟通。
职业倦怠的传递:管理者自身也面临行政压力,若自身情绪管理不当,很难对下属产生共情
4.2.护士执业倦怠的成因
工作量大、倒班频繁、医患关系紧张、职业发展受限等客观因素,叠加缺乏上级支持的主观因素,加剧了倦怠。
5.提升共情领导力以缓解护士倦怠的 策略
5.1.认知层面:培养管理者的情绪智力
自我觉察训练:管理者需先识别自身情绪,避免将压力转嫁给护士。
换位思考演练:开展角色扮演、叙事护理分享会,让管理者“回到”护士岗位,体验一线工作的难点与痛点。
5.2.沟通层面:建立支持性沟通模式
积极倾听:在护士汇报工作或倾诉时,放下手头工作,给予眼神交流,不打断、不急于评判。
共情回应技巧:学习非暴力沟通技巧。例如,面对护士犯错,先询问“发生了什么?你现在的感受如何?”避免直接批评。
定期心理疏导:建立“护士倾诉日”或“巴林特小组”,为护士提供情绪出口。
5.3.行动层面:构建人文关怀环境
弹性管理:根据护士的实际困难(如生病、家庭事务)实行弹性排班,给予人性化关怀。
容错机制:在非原则性错误上,给予包容和指导,而非一味惩罚,保护护士的职业自信。
职业规划支持:关注护士的职业发展需求,提供学习机会,提升其个人成就感。
6.研究方法
研究对象:选取某市多家三甲医院300名临床护士及其对应的护士长/护理管理者。
调查工具:
一般资料调查表自制调查表(年龄、学历、工龄等)。
共情领导力量表(Williamson共情量表)。
Maslach
倦怠量表 (MBI-HSS)。
感知组织支持量表(作为中介变量)。
统计分析:使用SPSS分析数据,采用Pearson相关分析共情领导力与倦怠的相关性,采用回归分析或结构方程模型验证影响路径。
7.结论
护理管理者的共情领导力是缓解护士执业倦怠的一剂良药。通过情感上的理解、认知上的共鸣和行动上的支持,管理者能够为护士构建心理安全防线。医院应重视护理管理者共情能力的培养,将“以人为中心”的管理理念落到实处,从而降低护士离职率,促进护理学科的可持续发展
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    Yi, Y. (2026). Research on the Impact of Empathetic Leadership of Nursing Managers on Alleviating Nurse Burnout. Science Discovery, 14(5), 307-310. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20261405.11

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    Yi, Y. Research on the Impact of Empathetic Leadership of Nursing Managers on Alleviating Nurse Burnout. Sci. Discov. 2026, 14(5), 307-310. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20261405.11

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    AMA Style

    Yi Y. Research on the Impact of Empathetic Leadership of Nursing Managers on Alleviating Nurse Burnout. Sci Discov. 2026;14(5):307-310. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20261405.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sd.20261405.11,
      author = {Yi Yi},
      title = {Research on the Impact of Empathetic Leadership of Nursing Managers on Alleviating Nurse Burnout},
      journal = {Science Discovery},
      volume = {14},
      number = {5},
      pages = {307-310},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sd.20261405.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20261405.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sd.20261405.11},
      abstract = {Objective: To explore the relationship between the level of empathetic leadership of nursing managers and the job burnout of clinical nurses, and to analyze the mechanism of empathetic leadership in alleviating nurse burnout, providing theoretical basis and intervention strategies for nursing human resource management. Methods: By combining literature review and theoretical analysis, the connotation of empathetic leadership and its application in nursing management were expounded. Results: The empathetic leadership of nursing managers can significantly reduce the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization tendency of nurses and enhance their sense of personal accomplishment. The mechanism of action mainly includes the regulation of psychological empowerment, emotional contagion and perceived organizational support. Conclusion: Enhancing the empathetic leadership of nursing managers is an effective way to alleviate nurse burnout, stabilize the nursing team and ensure the quality of nursing.},
     year = {2026}
    }
    

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    T2  - Science Discovery
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    JO  - Science Discovery
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    AB  - Objective: To explore the relationship between the level of empathetic leadership of nursing managers and the job burnout of clinical nurses, and to analyze the mechanism of empathetic leadership in alleviating nurse burnout, providing theoretical basis and intervention strategies for nursing human resource management. Methods: By combining literature review and theoretical analysis, the connotation of empathetic leadership and its application in nursing management were expounded. Results: The empathetic leadership of nursing managers can significantly reduce the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization tendency of nurses and enhance their sense of personal accomplishment. The mechanism of action mainly includes the regulation of psychological empowerment, emotional contagion and perceived organizational support. Conclusion: Enhancing the empathetic leadership of nursing managers is an effective way to alleviate nurse burnout, stabilize the nursing team and ensure the quality of nursing.
    VL  - 14
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Author Information
  • Beibei Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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  • 1.引言
  • 2.核心概念界定
  • 3.护理管理者共情领导力对缓解倦怠的作用机制
  • 4.现状分析与问题提出
  • 5.提升共情领导力以缓解护士倦怠的 策略
  • 6.研究方法
  • 7.结论
  • References
  • Cite This Article
  • Author Information