Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag

Yuanhao Zhang; Zhenxue Jiang

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag

Yuanhao Zhang

, Zhenxue Jiang^*

Published in Science Discovery (Volume 14, Issue 2)

Received: 7 March 2026 Accepted: 16 April 2026 Published: 30 April 2026

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Abstract

In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the exploration of lacustrine shale oil in China, with mixed sedimentary shale oil in saline–alkaline lakes demonstrating substantial resource potential. This study focuses on the shale of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin. By integrating field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP), and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the pore structure and fractal characteristics of the shale were systematically characterized both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicate that inorganic pores dominate in lacustrine shale, including interparticle pores, intraparticle pores, intercrystalline pores, and microfractures, with pores in the II-micropore range (10–100 nm) contributing most significantly. The fractal dimension D_max (2.9204) exceeds D_min (2.2572), suggesting that the structural complexity of the pore system is greater than its surface roughness. Quartz exerts a dual influence on pore development, while higher calcite content is conducive to pore formation. In contrast, the cementation effect of dolomite may limit its positive contribution to porosity. Additionally, the relatively well-developed fractures in alkaline lacustrine shale facilitate the formation of complex fracture network systems, which are of critical importance for shale oil enrichment and reservoir stimulation.

Published in	Science Discovery (Volume 14, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13
Page(s)	35-43
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Shale Oil, Pore Structure, Fractal Dimension, Mahu Sag

1．引言

近年来，美国页岩革命推动页岩油产量快速增长，显著改变了全球油气格局

[1, 2]

。中国页岩油资源丰富，占全球资源量约8%。与美国以海相页岩油为主不同，中国页岩油主要赋存于陆相含油盆地中，陆相页岩油的勘探开发对实现原油增储上产具有重要意义

[3, 4]

。目前，我国在准噶尔、松辽、鄂尔多斯、渤海湾、苏北、柴达木及四川等盆地的页岩油勘探均取得重要进展

[5-7]

。准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组发育于特殊的咸碱性湖混合沉积体系中，是中国湖相混积页岩油的典型代表。该类烃源岩是湖相烃源岩的重要组成端元。风城组优质烃源岩为准噶尔盆地西北缘亿吨级油区的形成提供了重要物质基础

[8]

。近年来玛湖凹陷页岩油接连取得勘探开发突破，展现出该地区石油资源的巨大潜力。

储层质量是制约页岩油开发的重要因素，其中孔隙结构直接控制储层的储集能力与渗流开发能力

[9, 10]

。目前，页岩孔隙结构表征方法主要包括成像技术（如FE-SEM、QEMSCAN、纳米CT等）和非成像技术（如气体吸附、压汞及核磁共振等）

[11-13]

。其中，结合核磁共振与分形理论可定量表征孔隙结构的复杂性与非均质性，分形维数D通常介于2–3之间，数值越大表明孔隙结构越复杂

[14, 15]

。

本文以玛湖凹陷风城组页岩为研究对象，通过XRD和TOC分析矿物组成及有机质丰度，利用FE-SEM识别孔隙类型，通过低温氮气吸附和高压压汞联用定量表征页岩多尺度孔径分布，并结合低场核磁共振实验定量表征孔隙分形维数。在此基础上，探讨孔隙结构与TOC及矿物组成之间的关系，以揭示湖相混积页岩孔隙结构特征及其主控因素，为湖相页岩油勘探开发提供理论依据。

2．实验方法

FE-SEM实验前，首先将页岩样品加工为1×1×0.3cm³的立方体，并进行机械抛光和氩离子抛光处理，以获得平整光滑的观察表面，随后喷涂碳膜以提高导电性。在此基础上，利用ZEISS Merlin场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）在真空条件下对抛光表面进行观测，从而识别页岩孔隙的类型及其形态特征。

LTNA实验选取粒径为60–80目的页岩颗粒，采用Micromeritics ASAP仪器进行测试。在−196°C及97.3–127.0 kPa条件下，以高纯氮气（分子动力学直径为0.364 nm）为吸附质，通过其在孔隙表面的吸附行为及微孔填充和毛细凝聚过程，获取不同压力条件下的吸附等温线。进一步结合BET及DFT模型，定量表征样品的比表面积及孔体积等孔隙结构参数。

MICP实验采用AutoPore IV 9500压汞仪开展。测试前，将样品在105°C条件下烘干至恒重。实验过程包括加压进汞和减压退汞两个阶段，最高压力可达200 MPa，并严格遵循国家标准GB/T 29172-2012。基于Washburn方程，将进汞压力转换为对应的孔喉半径，从而获得页岩样品的孔喉尺寸分布及孔体积分布等关键参数。

NMR测试采用MicroMR系列核磁共振岩心分析仪。实验前，将样品抽真空2 h后，以蒸馏水饱和48 h，随后进行横向弛豫时间（T₂）测试。测试参数设置为：等待时间（TW）3000 ms、回波个数（NE）6000、回波间隔（TE）0.07ms、扫描次数64。页岩体系中横向弛豫时间T₂主要受表面弛豫控制，其关系可表示为：

\frac{1}{T_{2}} = ρ_{2} \frac{S}{V}

式中，S为孔隙表面积（cm²)；V为孔隙体积（cm³）；ρ₂为表面横向驰豫强度（μm/ms）。

若孔隙结构具有自相似性与分形特征，则lg(V)与lg(T₂)之间呈线性关系，NMR分形维数可通过下式计算：

Lg (V) = (3 - D) Lg (T_{2}) + (D - 3) Lg (T_{2 \max})

式中，T_2max为最大横向弛豫时间，D为分形维数。

3．物质组成和孔隙结构特征

3.1．矿物组分和TOC

研究区页岩矿物组成以长英质矿物为主（26.8%~81.8%，平均54.5%），其中石英含量最高（平均34.5%），长石次之（平均20.5%）。碳酸盐矿物含量次之（12.1%~57.6%，平均34.4%），以白云石为主（平均27.4%），方解石为辅（平均7%）。黏土矿物含量较低（0~9.2%，平均3.1%），黄铁矿较发育（1.7%~9.6%，平均6.84%）。TOC含量介于0.13%~2.12%之间，平均1.04%。

3.2．孔隙类型

基于FE-SEM观察，风城组页岩主要发育粒间孔、溶蚀孔、晶间孔及微裂缝（图1）。粒间孔发育于矿物或碎屑颗粒之间，多呈三角形、狭缝形及不规则多边形，孔径较大，可达微米级，主要见于脆性颗粒边缘（图1a）。溶蚀孔分为粒内溶蚀孔和粒间溶蚀孔（图1a, b），主要由有机质热演化生烃过程中释放的有机酸溶蚀不稳定矿物（方解石、白云石、长石）形成。粒内溶蚀孔多呈椭圆状，孔径较小，孤立密集发育于矿物颗粒内部，连通性较差。粒间溶蚀孔成像不规则形状，大面积连续分布于颗粒边缘，连通性较好。晶间孔发育于黄铁矿集合体中（图1c），多呈三角形或多边形。微裂缝由脆性矿物颗粒或晶体内部在构造应力作用下破裂形成（图1d），形态弯曲，延伸较长，是重要的储集空间和流体渗流通道。

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Figure 1. 图1 风城组页岩主要孔隙类型。

3.3．页岩多尺度孔径分布

本文采用前人的页岩油储层孔径分类方案

[16]

，将孔隙分为I-微孔（<10nm）、II-微孔（10~100 nm）、中孔（100 nm~1 μm）和宏孔（>1 μm）。通过联合低温氮气吸附（<50 nm）与高压压汞（>50 nm）表征页岩多尺度孔径分布。如图2所示，风城组页岩样品总孔体积介于0.87~6.22 μL/g，平均2.66 μL/g。其中，II-微孔（10~100 nm）平均孔体积最大（1.95μL/g），占总孔体积71.76%；I-微孔、中孔和宏孔平均孔容分别为0.41 μL/g、0.11 μL/g和0.19 μL/g，占比12.84%、5.83%和9.57%。这表明II-微孔（10~100 nm）是研究区页岩油最主要的储集空间。

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Figure 2. 图2 玛湖凹陷风城组页岩多尺度孔径分布特征。

3.4．NMR分形特征

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Figure 3. 图3 玛湖凹陷风城组页岩样品NMR分形特征。

基于不同孔径区间对应的核磁共振横向弛豫时间（T₂），对页岩分形维数进行分段拟合（图3）。T₂<1 ms对应超微孔和微孔（<100 nm），T₂>1 ms对应中孔和宏孔（>100 nm）

[17]

。以T₂=1ms为界（lg(T₂_C)），对左右区间散点分别进行线性拟合，求得微孔分形维数D_min，以及中孔—宏孔分形维数D_max。研究区页岩D_min介于2.0969~2.4705（平均2.2572），D_max介于2.8168~2.9894（平均2.9204），且D_max显著大于D_min，表明页岩孔隙结构复杂，且中孔—宏孔的孔隙结构复杂度高于超微孔—微孔。所有拟合R²均大于0.85，表明页岩孔隙分布具有良好自相似性，可用分形维数进行非均质性的有效表征。

4．孔隙结构及分形维数的主控因素

4.1．TOC和矿物组成对孔隙结构的影响

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Figure 4. 图4 孔隙体积/比表面积与TOC的关系。

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Figure 5. 图5 孔隙体积/比表面积与不同矿物的关系。

孔隙体积与TOC相关性不明显，而比表面积与TOC呈显著正相关（图4），表明有机质并非风城组页岩孔隙发育的主要贡献者。研究区有机显微组分以腐泥组为主（>70%），镜质体反射率（R_o）处于低成熟–成熟阶段，干酪根类型为Ⅱ型。由于成熟度较低，尚未达到有机孔大量发育阶段，SEM仅观察到少量有机质孔隙

[16]

。此外，早期油窗阶段生成的沥青可充填原生孔隙并堵塞微裂缝，而较强的压实作用亦会破坏有机质孔隙。因此，风城组页岩有机质孔隙发育有限，对整体孔隙结构贡献较小。

矿物组成对风城组页岩孔隙结构具有重要影响。石英作为主要脆性矿物具有双重作用：当含量低于50%时，可形成刚性骨架并促进微裂缝发育，有利于孔隙保存；当含量超过50%时，孔隙体积明显降低（图5a）。这与碱性湖环境下石英易发生次生加大有关，从而抑制孔隙发育。孔隙结构参数与白云石含量呈负相关，与方解石含量呈正相关（图5b, c）。有机质热演化产生的CO₂和有机酸可溶解方解石形成溶蚀孔隙，而白云石在成岩过程中易发生胶结，堵塞孔喉并降低连通性，但局部溶蚀可在一定程度上改善孔隙结构。研究区黏土矿物含量较低（<10%），但与孔隙结构参数呈正相关（图5d）。黏土矿物中发育纳米级层间缝及有机质-黏土复合体

[18]

，对微纳米孔隙结构具有重要贡献。总体来看，矿物骨架支撑、胶结与溶蚀作用共同控制风城组湖相页岩的孔隙结构特征。

4.2．NMR分形维数与孔隙结构参数的关系

图6展示了NMR分形维数与孔隙结构参数之间的关系。结果表明，D_min和D_max均与孔隙体积和比表面积呈正相关，即分形维数越大，页岩孔隙体积和比表面积越高。其中，D_max与孔隙体积的相关性明显强于D_min（图6a, b），说明中—大孔及裂缝对孔隙体积贡献更为显著。由于较大孔隙中孔径分布对样品¹H含量的影响强于外表面积

[19]

，D_max主要对应较长弛豫时间（>1 ms），反映孔径大于100 nm孔隙的体积特征。D_max值越大，表明大孔及裂缝越发育，孔隙结构越复杂。相比之下，D_min与比表面积的相关性强于D_max（图6c, d）。微孔和纳米孔贡献了大部分比表面积，其球形微孔的磁场梯度高于柱状或粒间大孔

[20]

。因此，微纳米孔表面粗糙度对氢核信号的影响更为显著。D_min主要对应较短弛豫时间（<1 ms），反映孔径小于100 nm孔隙的表面结构特征。D_min值越大，说明微孔和纳米孔越发育，孔隙表面结构越复杂。

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Figure 6. 图6 NMR分形维数与孔隙结构参数的关系。

4.3．TOC和矿物组成对孔隙非均质性的影响

NMR分形维数与TOC的关系如图7所示。D_min与TOC呈负相关，而D_max与TOC相关性较弱。虽然有机质表面和内部孔隙可提供较大的比表面积，但有机质中大孔较少

[21]

。研究区有机质孔隙发育程度较低，多数有机质内部未观察到明显孔隙。同时，部分孔隙被有机质热演化产生的沥青充填，降低了微孔和纳米孔比表面积的复杂性。此外，样品埋藏深度较大，强压实作用导致原生有机质孔隙发生塌陷。因此，TOC与分形维数呈负相关，这进一步验证了3.1节的结论。

页岩矿物组成与分形维数之间的关系不仅反映孔隙结构复杂性，也与成岩环境密切相关。D_max与石英含量呈负相关（图8a），表明高石英含量会降低大孔分布的复杂性，这与前人研究结果一致

[22]

。石英作为脆性矿物有利于孔隙保存，但在较深埋藏和强压实条件下部分粒间孔隙会塌陷；同时在咸碱性湖环境中，石英易发生次生加大，从而降低体积分形维数。D_min与石英含量相关性较弱，主要由于石英表面较为光滑，微孔发育有限

[23]

。长石和方解石含量与D_min、D_max均呈正相关（图8b, c）。长石和方解石属于不稳定矿物，在成岩过程中易发生溶蚀形成大量溶蚀孔隙，从而增加孔隙体积并提高孔隙结构复杂性

[24]

。其中，长石含量较高时更有利于中—大孔发育。黏土矿物中微孔和中孔较为发育

[22]

，但在页岩中主要贡献中孔比表面积

[25]

。因此，黏土含量对体积分形维数D_max影响较为显著，而对表面分形维数D_min影响相对较弱（图8d）。总体来看，不同矿物组分通过溶蚀、胶结和压实等作用共同控制页岩孔隙结构的非均质性。

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Figure 7. 图7 NMR分形维数与TOC的关系。

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Figure 8. 图8 NMR分形维数与不同矿物组成的关系。

5．结论

(1) 风城组湖相页岩发育多种孔隙类型，主要包括粒间孔、粒内和粒间溶蚀孔、晶间孔及微裂缝。10–100 nm的II-微孔对孔体积贡献最大（71.76%），是页岩主要储集空间。

(2) 微孔和中孔–大孔对应的NMR分形维数Dmin和D_max分别为2.0969–2.4705和2.8168–2.9894，表明风城组湖相页岩具有较强非均质性。且D_max > D_min，说明孔隙结构复杂性高于孔隙表面粗糙度。

(3) 无机矿物对风城组湖页岩孔隙发育具有主导作用。石英对孔隙结构具有双重影响：一方面形成刚性骨架，有利于孔隙保存；另一方面在成岩过程中易发生次生加大，抑制孔隙发育。碳酸盐矿物中方解石受有机酸溶蚀作用可形成大量溶蚀孔隙。黏土矿物中发育纳米级层间裂缝及有机质–黏土复合体，且孔隙结构参数与黏土含量呈正相关，表明少量黏土矿物对风城组混积页岩孔隙结构具有重要贡献。

基金项目

本文研究工作受国家自然科学基金项目(42272137)和中国石油天然气集团有限公司与中国石油大学（北京）战略合作科技专项(ZLZX2020-01-05)资助。

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Zhang, Y., Jiang, Z. (2026). Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag. Science Discovery, 14(2), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13

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Zhang, Y.; Jiang, Z. Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag. Sci. Discov. 2026, 14(2), 35-43. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13

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Zhang Y, Jiang Z. Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag. Sci Discov. 2026;14(2):35-43. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13

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@article{10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13,
  author = {Yuanhao Zhang and Zhenxue Jiang},
  title = {Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag},
  journal = {Science Discovery},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {35-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sd.20261402.13},
  abstract = {In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the exploration of lacustrine shale oil in China, with mixed sedimentary shale oil in saline–alkaline lakes demonstrating substantial resource potential. This study focuses on the shale of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin. By integrating field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP), and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the pore structure and fractal characteristics of the shale were systematically characterized both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicate that inorganic pores dominate in lacustrine shale, including interparticle pores, intraparticle pores, intercrystalline pores, and microfractures, with pores in the II-micropore range (10–100 nm) contributing most significantly. The fractal dimension Dmax (2.9204) exceeds Dmin (2.2572), suggesting that the structural complexity of the pore system is greater than its surface roughness. Quartz exerts a dual influence on pore development, while higher calcite content is conducive to pore formation. In contrast, the cementation effect of dolomite may limit its positive contribution to porosity. Additionally, the relatively well-developed fractures in alkaline lacustrine shale facilitate the formation of complex fracture network systems, which are of critical importance for shale oil enrichment and reservoir stimulation.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag
AU  - Yuanhao Zhang
AU  - Zhenxue Jiang
Y1  - 2026/04/30
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13
T2  - Science Discovery
JF  - Science Discovery
JO  - Science Discovery
SP  - 35
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0650
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13
AB  - In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the exploration of lacustrine shale oil in China, with mixed sedimentary shale oil in saline–alkaline lakes demonstrating substantial resource potential. This study focuses on the shale of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin. By integrating field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP), and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the pore structure and fractal characteristics of the shale were systematically characterized both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicate that inorganic pores dominate in lacustrine shale, including interparticle pores, intraparticle pores, intercrystalline pores, and microfractures, with pores in the II-micropore range (10–100 nm) contributing most significantly. The fractal dimension Dmax (2.9204) exceeds Dmin (2.2572), suggesting that the structural complexity of the pore system is greater than its surface roughness. Quartz exerts a dual influence on pore development, while higher calcite content is conducive to pore formation. In contrast, the cementation effect of dolomite may limit its positive contribution to porosity. Additionally, the relatively well-developed fractures in alkaline lacustrine shale facilitate the formation of complex fracture network systems, which are of critical importance for shale oil enrichment and reservoir stimulation.
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Yuanhao Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, China; College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, China

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http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-382X
Zhenxue Jiang

State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, China

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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0773-8246

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Figure 1

Figure 1. 图 1 风城组页岩主要孔隙类型。
Figure 2

Figure 2. 图 2 玛湖凹陷风城组页岩多尺度孔径分布特征。
Figure 3

Figure 3. 图 3 玛湖凹陷风城组页岩样品NMR分形特征。
Figure 4

Figure 4. 图 4 孔隙体积/比表面积与TOC的关系。
Figure 5

Figure 5. 图 5 孔隙体积/比表面积与不同矿物的关系。
Figure 6

Figure 6. 图 6 NMR分形维数与孔隙结构参数的关系。
Figure 7

Figure 7. 图 7 NMR分形维数与TOC的关系。
Figure 8

Figure 8. 图 8 NMR分形维数与不同矿物组成的关系。

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Zhang, Y., Jiang, Z. (2026). Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag. Science Discovery, 14(2), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13

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ACS Style

Zhang, Y.; Jiang, Z. Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag. Sci. Discov. 2026, 14(2), 35-43. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13

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AMA Style

Zhang Y, Jiang Z. Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag. Sci Discov. 2026;14(2):35-43. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13

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@article{10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13,
  author = {Yuanhao Zhang and Zhenxue Jiang},
  title = {Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag},
  journal = {Science Discovery},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {35-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sd.20261402.13},
  abstract = {In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the exploration of lacustrine shale oil in China, with mixed sedimentary shale oil in saline–alkaline lakes demonstrating substantial resource potential. This study focuses on the shale of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin. By integrating field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP), and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the pore structure and fractal characteristics of the shale were systematically characterized both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicate that inorganic pores dominate in lacustrine shale, including interparticle pores, intraparticle pores, intercrystalline pores, and microfractures, with pores in the II-micropore range (10–100 nm) contributing most significantly. The fractal dimension Dmax (2.9204) exceeds Dmin (2.2572), suggesting that the structural complexity of the pore system is greater than its surface roughness. Quartz exerts a dual influence on pore development, while higher calcite content is conducive to pore formation. In contrast, the cementation effect of dolomite may limit its positive contribution to porosity. Additionally, the relatively well-developed fractures in alkaline lacustrine shale facilitate the formation of complex fracture network systems, which are of critical importance for shale oil enrichment and reservoir stimulation.},
 year = {2026}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pore Structure Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Lacustrine Hybrid Shale of China: A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag
AU  - Yuanhao Zhang
AU  - Zhenxue Jiang
Y1  - 2026/04/30
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13
T2  - Science Discovery
JF  - Science Discovery
JO  - Science Discovery
SP  - 35
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0650
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20261402.13
AB  - In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the exploration of lacustrine shale oil in China, with mixed sedimentary shale oil in saline–alkaline lakes demonstrating substantial resource potential. This study focuses on the shale of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin. By integrating field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP), and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the pore structure and fractal characteristics of the shale were systematically characterized both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicate that inorganic pores dominate in lacustrine shale, including interparticle pores, intraparticle pores, intercrystalline pores, and microfractures, with pores in the II-micropore range (10–100 nm) contributing most significantly. The fractal dimension Dmax (2.9204) exceeds Dmin (2.2572), suggesting that the structural complexity of the pore system is greater than its surface roughness. Quartz exerts a dual influence on pore development, while higher calcite content is conducive to pore formation. In contrast, the cementation effect of dolomite may limit its positive contribution to porosity. Additionally, the relatively well-developed fractures in alkaline lacustrine shale facilitate the formation of complex fracture network systems, which are of critical importance for shale oil enrichment and reservoir stimulation.
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
ER  -

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