Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors

Pu Shi; Yutian Zhang; Genggeng Gao; Ling Lei

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors

Pu Shi^*, Yutian Zhang, Genggeng Gao, Ling Lei

Published in Science Discovery (Volume 12, Issue 3)

Received: 21 March 2024 Accepted: 17 June 2024 Published: 19 June 2024

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Abstract

The crested ibis, also known as the Japanese crested ibis, belongs to the family Threskiornithidae in the order Ciconiiformes, with the scientific name Nipponia nippon Reichenbach. It is also known by other names such as red crane, red-faced ibis and Japanese phoenix. It is distributed in the Palearctic realm, occasionally migrating to the Oriental realm. It was once widely distributed from 20°30′ north latitude to 50°30′ north latitude and was considered an auspicious bird. The crested ibis is a critically endangered species worldwide. In the 1930s, in order to save this endangered species, ornithologists in China, regardless of the hardships, conducted surveys for many years and finally found the world's only two remaining wild groups of seven crested ibises. The world is paying great attention to the conservation of this species. Referring to numerous literature and data on crested ibises, combined with the process from discovery in the wild to artificial protection, artificial breeding in other places, artificial egg laying, and then hatching, we place crested ibises in an artificial elevated nylon mesh environment and implement natural pairing under artificial intervention. Combined with natural breeding and artificial hatching and rearing, we conduct active research on the physiology and growth development rules of crested ibises that abandon eggs, implement a rational nutritional formula, and actively promote the protection of this globally endangered species.

Published in	Science Discovery (Volume 12, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16
Page(s)	68-72
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nipponia Nippon Reichenbach, Artificial Meteorological, Factors, Domestication and Breeding

1．引言

1.1．人工养殖环境下的朱鹮

人工饲养朱鹮，采用的是一种高大尼龙丝棚结构，这种结构最先在陕西省珍稀野生动物抢救饲养研究中心采用，饲养效果非常不错，后来，建造陕西秦岭四宝科学公园朱鹮馆时，仍然采用这种结构，朱鹮在棚内活动，棚内建设有水池、栖架、投食台等设施。尼龙丝棚既能防止天敌的危害，又能为朱鹮飞翔提供宽阔的空间；栖架为朱鹮休息、梳理羽毛、孵化幼鸟提供的保障；水池和投食台主要为朱鹮提供食物供给之地。朱鹮启始活动时间多在早晨6点左右，8~9点为活动高峰时段。鸣叫声有“啊呜儿、啊呜儿、啊呜儿”或“呜儿、呜儿”等。

1.2．朱鹮的命名及分布

朱鹮，又称朱鹭，属鹈形目鹮科朱鹮属，拉丁名：Nipponia nippon Reichenbach，英文名Japanese Crested Ibis [3]，别名：红鹤、朱脸鹮鹭（北名）、日本凤头等。分布于古北界，偶尔迁徙到东洋界。从北纬20°30′~北纬50°30′，曾广泛分布，被视为吉祥鸟[15]。作为一个在地球上生存了6000万年的禽类物种，在100年内，很快从兴盛到全球上世纪80年代，剩下不足20只的灭绝境界。成为中国特有物种，国家一级重点保护野生动物[16]，为了拯救这一濒危物种，我国和世界投入大量的人力、物力、财力等科技人员和手段，积极保护这一世界性濒危鸟[1, 9]，终于使这一物种从1981年野外发现的7只增加到2023年11月的万只以上[2, 5]。

2．秦岭一号朱鹮群的发现

2.1．世界野生朱鹮群濒临灭绝

朱鹮为亚洲东北特有鸟类，曾广布于中国东北、华北、陕西等地，在俄罗斯西北利亚、朝鲜半岛和日本本土亦有分布。上世纪30年代，我国东北黑龙江省乌苏里江流域和兴凯湖，吉林省东部、中部和西部，辽宁省辽东半岛大连、金县和营口，河北，河南西部熊耳山，山东，山西东南部，陕西太白山、洋县，甘肃兰州、东南部徽县，安徽，浙江衢县，以及福建福州、台湾省和海南省等 14个省份都有朱鹮的记载，陕西洋县、甘肃武都、康县，中国科学院动物研究所曾先后采集过标本。境外，1963年，在俄罗斯（前苏联）哈桑湖最后一只朱鹮灭绝；1979年，朝鲜半岛板门店的朱鹮再无消息；2003年，分布在日本佐渡岛自然态的“阿金”死亡，再无野生[3]。

2.2．中国野生朱鹮的重大发现

中国动物科技工作者不畏艰辛，翻阅大量文献资料、查阅各地古籍方志，足迹遍布山山水水，在朱鹮曾出现过的地方，大量发放图册、资料。鸟类工作者科普宣传、走访勘踏。终于于1981年5月23日，中国科学院动物研究所刘荫增研究院受托组成科学队，在陕西省洋县八里关乡大店村姚家沟山林中找到当地人叫“朱鹭”的涉禽。野外2个群7只，其中4只成鹮、3只幼鹮，经过认定，确定为已经“灭绝”的朱鹮，这个群体命名为“秦岭一号朱鹮群”，消息一发布，世界关注。

3．朱鹮群采取的人工自然保护

3.1．朱鹮的生物学特征

朱鹮，体长80cm，体重约1800g，4岁以前小的幼鸟、青年鸟通体白色，两翅与腹部及尾粉红色。4岁以上成年鸟，繁殖期背部羽毛变为灰白色。喙长约17cm，尖端微向下弯曲，朱黑色，脸裸呈红色。枕部有数十根柳叶状的羽冠，为羽毛延伸，胫跗骨、跗跖骨、趾骨粉红色。飞羽全长30.53cm、裸羽管长4.812 cm、裸羽管粗0.562cm。尾羽全长20.01cm、裸羽管长1.894cm、裸羽管粗0.252cm。一级覆羽全长11.3cm、裸羽管长1.692 cm、裸羽管粗0.128cm；另一一级覆羽全长11.80cm、裸羽管长1.374 cm、裸羽管粗0.138cm。绒羽全长7.30cm、裸羽管长0.364 cm、裸羽管粗0.138cm。喜欢栖于浅涧和稻田中用长喙觅食水生昆虫，以小鱼、泥鳅、虾、蟹、蛙、昆虫及其他小型动物为食，多结伴成群翱翔。叫声分两种：“啊呜儿、啊呜儿、啊呜儿”， “呜儿、呜儿、呜儿”。前者为惊恐时长鸣，后者为普通叫声。

3.2．朱鹮的野外人工保护

陕西为了保护秦岭一号朱鹮群，在发现地采取自然繁殖就地保护策略，涉及朱鹮繁殖核心区的农户、不得在朱鹮采食的稻田施放农药化肥，给予他们一定的扶持补贴，保留一定面积的天然湿地和越冬水田。在朱鹮活动的保护区，不得开矿、狩猎、砍伐树木。鸟类工作者在朱鹮筑巢树下，搭建观察棚，24小时不间断高倍望远镜监护观察。树干上涂抹黄油、安防刀架放置刀片，防止人为或野外猎物的破坏。树下篷起安全网，防止幼鸟掉落摔伤。十分得力的保护措施，挽救了一只掉落下来的雄性幼鸟，鸟类学家们立刻把它拣回，火速运到北京动物园，进行人工饲养，开启野生朱鹮人工饲养新篇章。

4．朱鹮群异地人工繁育保护

4.1．历史上最早养殖人

郇和是最早养过朱鹮的人，他英文名叫Swinhoe，英国的博物学家、早期的生物学家，也是中国历史上最早的一个研究中国鸟类的外国科学家，当时在中国各地当领事，他的工作为他提供了便利，得以采集很多标本，当地很多的物种，后面都加了Swinhoei。写了很多跟朱鹮有关的论文，甚至收集到朱鹮进行人工饲养。郇和1872年，他曾经从中国浙江带走过1只朱鹮，饲养一年后死亡，朱鹮的人工养殖真的是不容易的。上海自然博物馆曾经收藏了很多他采集的标本；在中国台湾，他曾经当过驻高雄的领事，保留有一些郇和的雕塑。

4.2．中国采取养殖新举措

洋县地区的野生朱鹮虽然数量缓慢增长，但是群体尤为脆弱，必须复壮，否则，在一个地区极易因流行性疾病的发生导致已增长的种群遭受灭顶之灾。朱鹮应尽快从亚热带气候过渡到北温带气候。要实现朱鹮群体的过渡，气候是关键，必须对两地的气象因子对比，从以下数据可以看出汉中洋县和周至秦岭植物园气候的差异。表1、2、3各是从2021年2月到2023年5月全月各择取对应部分气象资料对比：周至秦岭植物园用1标识，汉中洋县用2标识。

表1 2021-2023年2-5月两地平均气温（单位：°C）。

地区	年月	1日	6日	11日	16日	21日	26日	30日	31日	平均
1	202102	-	9.3	6.8	8.1	18.1	1.7			7.7
2	202102	4.6	5.5	8	6.6	10.1	6.3			7.2
1	202202	-1.3	-0.5	5	1.5	3.4	10.1			2.9
2	202202	5.8	2.5	5.8	6.5	6.6	8.3			5.1
1	202302	3.7	5	2	4.2	4.4	5.4			4.4
2	202302	3	6	7.5	7.6	6.4	9.6			6.9
1	202103	6.9	10.5	8.1	12.5	8.7	14.5	14.1	12.9	10.8
2	202103	8.1	12.5	11.3	15.9	8.4	12.5	18	15.3	11.8
1	202203	7.9	12.3	15.6	14	7.8	13.6	13.4	14	12.4
2	202203	8.2	9.7	14.4	16.4	8.3	13.8	13.7	12.6	12.6
1	202303	10.6	14.8	15.7	6.3	11.5	10.8	14.2	14.4	11.8
2	202303	10.4	15.1	14.9		15.8	9	14.4	15.2	12
1	202104	10	11.1	13	16.7	13.7	12.9	25.8		14
2	202104	12.2	14.4	14.7	14.6	15.4	16.5	20.2		15.2
1	202204	13.5	20.2	21	9.1	19.5	21.4	14.8		16.6
2	202204	13.7	15.8	19.8	10.8	18.2	20	15.3		16.7
1	202304	15.6	11.2	18.8	23.5	12.7	15.4	16.3		14.9
2	202304	17.4	11.4	19.6	20.4	14.5	16.3	15.9		16.1
1	202105	21.5	20.4	20.8	17.4	20.1	22.3	27.3	25.6	20.5
2	202105	22.3	18.9	20.8	18.8	21	20.4	25.7	26.5	21.4
1	202205	15.8	22	18.9	18.6	21.4	21	24.8	21	19.8
2	202205	15.2	22.6	21.4	18.5	21.7	22.4	25.8	21.4	20.3
1	202305	18	15.1	17.7	25.1	14	16.3	22	19.1	18.7
2	202305	17.8	17.8	18.2	23.5	18.4	18.5	24.5	22.2	19.6

表2 2021-2023年2-5月两地日平均湿度资料信息（单位：%）。

地区	年月	1日	6日	11日	16日	21日	26日	30日	31日	平均
1	202102	20	32	64	46	30	49			50
2	202102	68.3	69	72.3	74.8	71	74.8			73.8
1	202202	64	61	64	81	68	41			64
2	202202	48.3	77.5	66.5	64.3	66.8	58			65.7
1	202302	53	57	32	40	58	64			50
2	202302	80.3	65.5	79.3	75.3	71.8	65.8			74.1
1	202103	59	74	48	84	46	66	69	79	68
2	202103	75	68.5	81.5	73	78.8	93.3	65.8	73.5	76.4
1	202203	32	44	71	56	8	46	69	60	50
2	202203	59	83	80	79.8	84.5	71	81.3	87.8	73.9
1	202303	34	47	40	16	45	67	64	64	45
2	202303	58.8	61.8	59.3		64	82.5	58.3	63	66.8
1	202104	89	79	78	39	61	33	35		64
2	202104	92	79.8	82.5	76	96	77.8	71.3		79.7
1	202204	52	34	54	37	56	62	64		53
2	202204	78.8	66.5	63.5	70.8	64.3	76.8	78		69.4
1	202304	57	44	48	45	19	61	54		49
2	202304	67	70	67	74.5	93.8	72.8	63		73.8
1	202105	49	61	72	61	71	58	44	56	62
2	202105	66.8	72.5	81.5	70	74	74.8	66.3	63.3	71
1	202205	42	70	40	51	76	46	52	75	56
2	202205	64.8	62.8	71.8	61.3	75.8	71.5	63	85.5	70.7
1	202305	59	7	26	51	33		39	4	42
2	202305	70	86.5	75.8	63	77	88.8	75.3	89	76.4

表3 2021-2023年2-5月两地日最小湿度资料信息（单位：%）。

地区	年月	1日	6日	11日	16日	21日	26日	30日	31日	平均最小湿度	月最小湿度
1	202102	17	15	47	12	9	94			35.1	8
2	202102	29	29	41	23	28	59			40.3	23
1	202202	42	54	45	85	31	13			46.8	13
2	202202	33	59	32	54	41	14			38.3	14
1	202302	33	22	92	67	45	55			52.8	17
2	202302	58	36	63	51	63	57			48.4	14
1	202103	32	54	72	69	24	41	53	68	49.4	20
2	202103	34	32	41	57	37	73	53	56	47.5	28
1	202203	18	29	46	47	97	23	38	43	42	16
2	202203	19	60	51	46	66	36	66	66	44.6	19
1	202303	21	13	22	32	58	55	40	39	36.4	9
2	202303	18	28	19	25	31	45	26	30	33.4	12
1	202104	76	54	67	14	93	48	16		55.3	14
2	202104	74	53	53	25	64	45	36		51.4	24
1	202204	19	11	22	68	32	39	33		35.9	10
2	202204	43	33	30	49	25	43	47		36.3	19
1	202304	50	20	23	19	41	45	24		43.5	19
2	202304	38	24	23	33	69	35	24		42.1	10
1	202105	22	25	46	39	53	22	26	28	37.3	19
2	202105	24	40	57	28	55	52	38	29	41.3	20
1	202205	17	40	62	19	50	57	30	46	45.3	12
2	202205	19	23	30	21	51	44	29	48	39.7	17
1	202305	34	78	25	28	57		51	93	48.7	16
2	202305	33	64	43	27	52	79	47	63	49.6	25

4.3．成功的异地养殖繁育

从表1-3可以看出，朱鹮要从亚热带过渡到北温带，要耐受低温和低湿度的洗礼。只有经受住低温、低湿的考验，就能够为从人工养殖到放飞自然界打下基础。2001年陕西启动朱鹮异地繁殖之旅，经过充分的理论后，决定从洋县自然保护区调运朱鹮到秦岭北麓的陕西省珍稀动物抢救中心实施异地驯养繁殖。2002年3月3日，60只朱鹮经过车队的运输安全抵达目的地。60只朱鹮，老、中、幼鸟数量各占三分之一，按1:1雌雄比例搭配。60只朱鹮实现了在楼观台全部成活，当年繁殖的26只朱鹮也全部成活，创造了涉禽当年引进当年繁殖的奇迹[5]。2003年，朱鹮数量翻了一番，繁殖育雏成活48只；2004年，育雏成活42只，创造了一对朱鹮自然繁殖繁育4只小朱鹮的历史纪录。2005年，育雏成活52只朱鹮，“亲鸟代育”朱鹮试验取得成功。2021年，千阳县朱鹮再次刷新朱鹮孵化史上的新纪录，自然状态，千湖湿地省级保护区一只朱鹮一年两次产蛋8枚，孵化幼雏5只，其中人工孵化2只[4]。

5．朱鹮群个体人工饲养下的产卵孵化

5.1．朱鹮的个体生理习性

朱鹮属涉禽，寿命可达17年[7]。2024年4月9日，全球最长寿朱鹮平平在北京动物园将迎来38岁生日，相当于人类的100多岁[6]。栖息多在山地森林和丘陵地带的邻近水源处，性孤僻，单独或成小群活动。朱鹮繁殖期在3~5月，野外营巢于僻静林地的高大乔木上，青年朱鹮产蛋较少1~2枚，或者不产蛋，成年鸟窝产蛋通常3枚居多，偶见5枚。蛋灰蓝色带褐色斑点。卵重60~80g，横径4.604cm，纵径6.776cm，蛋壳厚0.042cm，蛋壳内膜较厚。产卵期随气候温度而变化，今年人工养殖第一枚蛋见于3月14日。多二天一枚。

5.2．自然环境模拟人工饲养

人工饲养的朱鹮主要喂饲高蛋白、高热量的食物，比如：牛肉、泥鳅、面包虫等。朱鹮产蛋后，会出现站巢、占巢、做巢、孵化行为。人工巢用铅丝做成一个外径80cm圆盘状，深10cm，固定在栖架角落处，高度距地面为3m左右（见图1）。巢内放树枝，里面垫物让朱鹮自己选择玉米杆、草叶及草根等，旧巢也可利用。

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图1 朱鹮的人工巢及站巢行为。

繁殖期朱鹮雌雄配对后，一生不离不弃，忠于爱情。雄鸟和雌鸟轮流孵卵，亲鸟在孵卵期间经常翻卵、晾卵、理巢等，孵卵时缩曲着颈部或将头部盘起来，有时站立起来舒展翅膀，或者抖动身体。但巢中往往只有一只亲鸟，不孵卵的另一只亲鸟并不在巢边护巢，夜间则到其他树上去栖息。大致只能根据做巢时间推知孵化期，从产卵到孵化约一周，幼雏出壳到28天[4]。据中心人士介绍，自然状态下，朱鹮从幼鸟到性成熟、可繁殖成鸟大约需要3年以上，4年后到繁殖稳定期。幼雏麻色（淡灰色），幼青鸟白色，成鸟非繁殖季节白色，繁殖期变灰白色。朱鹮幼雏日龄不同，它的饲料也是不一样的，主要成分就是泥鳅浆、蛋黄、面包虫、苹果等食物。

6．总结

朱鹮是一个极具有高生态价值的生物物种，处于食物链中的顶级位置，以小鱼、泥鳅、小虾、青蛙、蟋蟀、蝗虫、田螺等为主要食物，在控制猎物种群中起到极其重要的作用，对于自然生态平衡有着十分重要的作用。朱鹮在人工饲养下繁殖数量有了一定的增加，保护工作仍然十分艰巨，很多饲养管理、疾病防治及繁育放生等方面的问题和难点仍需要探索[17-26]比如自然条件下发生的弃蛋、人工如何增加孵化成活率、一些常见病及易患疾病的防范、投喂食物的采食量和来源等等，将是我们下一步研究的方向。

References

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APA Style

Shi, P., Zhang, Y., Gao, G., Lei, L. (2024). Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors. Science Discovery, 12(3), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16

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ACS Style

Shi, P.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, G.; Lei, L. Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors. Sci. Discov. 2024, 12(3), 68-72. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16

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AMA Style

Shi P, Zhang Y, Gao G, Lei L. Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors. Sci Discov. 2024;12(3):68-72. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16

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@article{10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16,
  author = {Pu Shi and Yutian Zhang and Genggeng Gao and Ling Lei},
  title = {Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors
},
  journal = {Science Discovery},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {68-72},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sd.20241203.16},
  abstract = {The crested ibis, also known as the Japanese crested ibis, belongs to the family Threskiornithidae in the order Ciconiiformes, with the scientific name Nipponia nippon Reichenbach. It is also known by other names such as red crane, red-faced ibis and Japanese phoenix. It is distributed in the Palearctic realm, occasionally migrating to the Oriental realm. It was once widely distributed from 20°30′ north latitude to 50°30′ north latitude and was considered an auspicious bird. The crested ibis is a critically endangered species worldwide. In the 1930s, in order to save this endangered species, ornithologists in China, regardless of the hardships, conducted surveys for many years and finally found the world's only two remaining wild groups of seven crested ibises. The world is paying great attention to the conservation of this species. Referring to numerous literature and data on crested ibises, combined with the process from discovery in the wild to artificial protection, artificial breeding in other places, artificial egg laying, and then hatching, we place crested ibises in an artificial elevated nylon mesh environment and implement natural pairing under artificial intervention. Combined with natural breeding and artificial hatching and rearing, we conduct active research on the physiology and growth development rules of crested ibises that abandon eggs, implement a rational nutritional formula, and actively promote the protection of this globally endangered species.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors

AU  - Pu Shi
AU  - Yutian Zhang
AU  - Genggeng Gao
AU  - Ling Lei
Y1  - 2024/06/19
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16
T2  - Science Discovery
JF  - Science Discovery
JO  - Science Discovery
SP  - 68
EP  - 72
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0650
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16
AB  - The crested ibis, also known as the Japanese crested ibis, belongs to the family Threskiornithidae in the order Ciconiiformes, with the scientific name Nipponia nippon Reichenbach. It is also known by other names such as red crane, red-faced ibis and Japanese phoenix. It is distributed in the Palearctic realm, occasionally migrating to the Oriental realm. It was once widely distributed from 20°30′ north latitude to 50°30′ north latitude and was considered an auspicious bird. The crested ibis is a critically endangered species worldwide. In the 1930s, in order to save this endangered species, ornithologists in China, regardless of the hardships, conducted surveys for many years and finally found the world's only two remaining wild groups of seven crested ibises. The world is paying great attention to the conservation of this species. Referring to numerous literature and data on crested ibises, combined with the process from discovery in the wild to artificial protection, artificial breeding in other places, artificial egg laying, and then hatching, we place crested ibises in an artificial elevated nylon mesh environment and implement natural pairing under artificial intervention. Combined with natural breeding and artificial hatching and rearing, we conduct active research on the physiology and growth development rules of crested ibises that abandon eggs, implement a rational nutritional formula, and actively promote the protection of this globally endangered species.

VL  - 12
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Pu Shi

Feed Surveillance Institute, Animal Husbandry and Fishery Technology Promotion Center in Huyi District, Xi’an, China

Biography: 石璞，男，1966年5月——，陕西鄠邑人，高级畜牧师。一直从事动物生产、繁殖、新品种引进、示范、推广、饲料营养等工作，先后发表科研论文60余篇

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Yutian Zhang

Meteorological Station, Huyi Meteorological Administration of Xi'an, Xi’an, China

Contact Email
Genggeng Gao

Rescue and Breeding Farm, Shaanxi Research Center for Rescue and Breeding of Rare Wildlife, Xi’an, China

Contact Email
Ling Lei

Rescue and Breeding Farm, Shaanxi Research Center for Rescue and Breeding of Rare Wildlife, Xi’an, China

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Figure 1

图1 朱鹮的人工巢及站巢行为。

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Shi, P., Zhang, Y., Gao, G., Lei, L. (2024). Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors. Science Discovery, 12(3), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16

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ACS Style

Shi, P.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, G.; Lei, L. Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors. Sci. Discov. 2024, 12(3), 68-72. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16

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AMA Style

Shi P, Zhang Y, Gao G, Lei L. Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors. Sci Discov. 2024;12(3):68-72. doi: 10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16,
  author = {Pu Shi and Yutian Zhang and Genggeng Gao and Ling Lei},
  title = {Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors
},
  journal = {Science Discovery},
  volume = {12},
  number = {3},
  pages = {68-72},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sd.20241203.16},
  abstract = {The crested ibis, also known as the Japanese crested ibis, belongs to the family Threskiornithidae in the order Ciconiiformes, with the scientific name Nipponia nippon Reichenbach. It is also known by other names such as red crane, red-faced ibis and Japanese phoenix. It is distributed in the Palearctic realm, occasionally migrating to the Oriental realm. It was once widely distributed from 20°30′ north latitude to 50°30′ north latitude and was considered an auspicious bird. The crested ibis is a critically endangered species worldwide. In the 1930s, in order to save this endangered species, ornithologists in China, regardless of the hardships, conducted surveys for many years and finally found the world's only two remaining wild groups of seven crested ibises. The world is paying great attention to the conservation of this species. Referring to numerous literature and data on crested ibises, combined with the process from discovery in the wild to artificial protection, artificial breeding in other places, artificial egg laying, and then hatching, we place crested ibises in an artificial elevated nylon mesh environment and implement natural pairing under artificial intervention. Combined with natural breeding and artificial hatching and rearing, we conduct active research on the physiology and growth development rules of crested ibises that abandon eggs, implement a rational nutritional formula, and actively promote the protection of this globally endangered species.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Breeding of Crested Ibises Under Artificial Meteorological Conditions Factors

AU  - Pu Shi
AU  - Yutian Zhang
AU  - Genggeng Gao
AU  - Ling Lei
Y1  - 2024/06/19
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16
T2  - Science Discovery
JF  - Science Discovery
JO  - Science Discovery
SP  - 68
EP  - 72
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2331-0650
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20241203.16
AB  - The crested ibis, also known as the Japanese crested ibis, belongs to the family Threskiornithidae in the order Ciconiiformes, with the scientific name Nipponia nippon Reichenbach. It is also known by other names such as red crane, red-faced ibis and Japanese phoenix. It is distributed in the Palearctic realm, occasionally migrating to the Oriental realm. It was once widely distributed from 20°30′ north latitude to 50°30′ north latitude and was considered an auspicious bird. The crested ibis is a critically endangered species worldwide. In the 1930s, in order to save this endangered species, ornithologists in China, regardless of the hardships, conducted surveys for many years and finally found the world's only two remaining wild groups of seven crested ibises. The world is paying great attention to the conservation of this species. Referring to numerous literature and data on crested ibises, combined with the process from discovery in the wild to artificial protection, artificial breeding in other places, artificial egg laying, and then hatching, we place crested ibises in an artificial elevated nylon mesh environment and implement natural pairing under artificial intervention. Combined with natural breeding and artificial hatching and rearing, we conduct active research on the physiology and growth development rules of crested ibises that abandon eggs, implement a rational nutritional formula, and actively promote the protection of this globally endangered species.

VL  - 12
IS  - 3
ER  -

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